33 ῎Αλλην παραβολὴν ἀκούσατε. ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν οἰκοδεσπότης, ὅστις ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα καὶ φραγμὸν αὐτῷ περιέθηκε καὶ ὤρυξεν ἐν αὐτῷ ληνὸν καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε πύργον, καὶ ἐξέδοτο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς καὶ ἀπεδήμησεν. 34 ὅτε δὲ ἤγγισεν ὁ καιρὸς τῶν καρπῶν, ἀπέστειλε τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ πρὸς τοὺς γεωργοὺς λαβεῖν τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτοῦ.
35 καὶ λαβόντες οἱ γεωργοὶ τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ ὃν μὲν ἔδειραν, ὃν δὲ ἀπέκτειναν, ὃν δὲ ἐλιθοβόλησαν. 36 πάλιν ἀπέστειλεν ἄλλους δούλους πλείονας τῶν πρώτων, καὶ ἐποίησαν αὐτοῖς ὡσαύτως. 37 ὕστερον δὲ ἀπέστειλε πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ λέγων· ἐντραπήσονται τὸν υἱόν μου. 38 οἱ δὲ γεωργοὶ ἰδόντες τὸν υἱὸν εἶπον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς· οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ κληρονόμος· δεῦτε ἀποκτείνωμεν αὐτὸν καὶ κατάσχωμεν τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ. 39 καὶ λαβόντες αὐτὸν ἐξέβαλον ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος, καὶ ἀπέκτειναν.
40 ῞Οταν οὖν ἔλθῃ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος, τί ποιήσει τοῖς γεωργοῖς ἐκείνοις; 41 λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει αὐτούς, καὶ τὸν ἀμπελῶνα ἐκδώσεται ἄλλοις γεωργοῖς, οἵτινες ἀποδώσουσιν αὐτῷ τοὺς καρποὺς ἐν τοῖς καιροῖς αὐτῶν. 42 λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ ᾿Ιησοῦς· οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς, λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας· παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστι θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν; 43 διὰ τοῦτο λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ἀρθήσεται ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς· 44 καὶ ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον συνθλασθήσεται· ἐφ᾿ ὃν δ᾿ ἂν πέσῃ, λικμήσει αὐτόν. 45 καὶ ἀκούσαντες οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι τὰς παραβολὰς αὐτοῦ ἔγνωσαν ὅτι περὶ αὐτῶν λέγει· 46 καὶ ζητοῦντες αὐτὸν κρατῆσαι ἐφοβήθησαν τοὺς ὄχλους, ἐπειδὴ ὡς προφήτην αὐτὸν εἶχον. - Matthew 21:33-46
One wonders just exactly what this parable is about? Is it a foretelling of Jesus death and the motivations behind it? Or is it a parable foretelling what will happen to the church after Jesus death? There is obviously a parallel between this parable and the first verses of the fifth chapter of Isaiah. We get a hint in the last two verses where we are told the chief priests (οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς) and the Pharisees (καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι) were aware that He was speaking of them. They conspired to seize him but they were afraid of the crowd (Jesus followers) because to them (the followers) He was a prophet. So in one sense we have a foretelling of Jesus death and the reasons for his death, He made enemies of the chief priests and the Pharisees, by telling parables which clearly referred to them and their ways.
We might look at it as a parable about the church and what happens after Jesus death. Here the cornerstone image is important. Here Jesus’ message about the Kingdom of God is the stone which the builders rejected and will become the cornerstone of the new Kingdom. In fact we are told that the Kingdom of God will be given to the people (nation - ἔθνει) which makes use of the fruit of that message (ὅτι ἀρθήσεται ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς·) I imagine; if you are a Greek or a Philhellene like myself, you see this as particularly interesting, because after Jesus death the church goes out among the Greek speaking world and establishes itself there. The church is seen hereby as the Kingdom of God (ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ) and that is given to the peoples (ἔθνει) who will make use of the message (the fruits of Jesus message ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς·)
One wonders if this latter interpretation of the parable is written by Matthew, or whether it is written in by the later church to indicate its ascendancy over the Jerusalem Church. Is it there to indicate that Church is not a sect of Judaism or is it there to indicate that those who would have the Church remain under Judaism (the Judaizers) are in the wrong perhaps like Pharisees and Chief priests.
But what should we take from this parable? Are we to see ourselves as the nation to which has been given the Kingdom to make use of its fruit, or are we to remain stuck in our legalisms and dogmas we have been taught from generations. Are we Pharisees (legalists) or are we Dogmatists. We are to some degree I’m sure (Perhaps that is our History), but ought we not be the people to whom the Kingdom has been given to make use of its fruit.
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